Hamstring Exercises for Long Distance Runners

June 11, 2008, Editor MCR,

It’s common for runners to feel severe cramps in their hamstring or even tearing their hamstring while running. These tend to occur when the hamstring is either tight or weak. “But how come it can happen to me when I’ve been doing my hamstring curls in the gym?” one may think. The answer to this question comes from how you strengthen your hamstrings.

Common hamstring injury sites

For runners, the hamstring injury rarely occurs in the muscle belly. Hamstring injury in runners tends to occur more at the origin (ischial tuberosity), followed by at the insertion (tibial plateau) and the last site is the muscle belly. Due to the repetitive nature of running and the close kinetic chain on push-off, the tendon-bone junction at the origin or the insertion undergoes intensive stress thus are the common sites of injury.

Tearing of a muscle along the belly occurs when there’s an explosive action, e.g. jumping, sprinting, etc. However in long distance running, such an explosive action is not required thus explains why doing the hamstring curls in the gym would not help. Doing hamstring curls, either in prone or standing, would only increase the size of your sacromeres of the muscles, which are found in the belly of the muscles. At the origin and insertion of the hamstring, the make-up of the tendon is collagen fibers and not sacromeres. By doing hamstring curls in prone or standing, it not only does not strengthen these tendons, but puts it under a lot of strain and exposing it to injury.

Prevention

When stretching your hamstring, you would need to stretch from the origin of the hamstring. To perform the stretch, ensure that you “stick” your bum out to get a stretch in the hamstring at the origin. Maintain the spine in a neutral position and lean forward from your hip to stretch your hamstring. (Refer to video). Besides this static stretch, dynamic stretches are also essential in ensuring flexibility of your hamstrings. Swinging your leg forward and back and slowly progressing to its maximum distance.

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Hamstring strengthening should be done through its available length. Placing an ankle weight of about 5kg around your ankle while lying prone. Curl your hamstring up and then proceed with lifting your hip upwards. This will enable your hamstring to be strengthen through the available range and prevent hamstring injuries whilst running.

This work by Musculoskeletal Consumer Review is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Singapore License. This article was contributed by Back2Sports - Sports Injury Management. In the spirit of promoting health education, you may copy, distribute and transmit the work under the conditions specified by the license. For articles re-printed with permission, copyright remains with the original copyright holder (author or publisher). MCR's Creative Commons License does not apply in such cases.